Confounding

Introduction

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Learning Objectives

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Student Role

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Design Questions

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Data Analysis

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Discussion Questions

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Introduction

You have learned that random error and bias must be considered as possible explanations for an observed association between an exposure and disease. This week we will examine the role of confounding . Unlike random error or bias, confounding is a property of the study population, and occurs when the effect of an exposure on an outcome is mixed together with the effect of a third variable. The following exercise will examine the properties of confounders and describe methods to adjust for confounding through both study design and analysis. (Please see Aschengrau Chapter 11 for more information).

Good luck and have fun!