January 22 : Introducing the course

January 24 : The field: is there a modern Tibet, and if so, where is it? The slow and contested emergence of the field of modern Tibetan studies

• Eugen Wehrli, "Tibet Research in China by Tibetans and Chinese after 1949", Proceedings of the International Seminar on the Anthropology of Tibet and the Himalaya, September 21-28, 1990, at the Ethnographic Museum of the University of Zuerich, Ethnological Museum of the University Zurich, 1993, pp. 425-432 (see reading pack)

Web Readings: This and all following web readings require the free Adobe Acrobat Reader

• Tsering Shakya, "Introduction: The Development of Modern Tibetan Studies" in Robert Barnett (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 1-14Ý
• Palden Gyal (Tsering Dhundup, translator). "Lamentations in Verse on the Demise of the Noble Professor, Dungkar Rinpoche, July 1997," republished in World Tibet News, 6th August 1997; see also "Leading Scholar Dies, Cultural Criticism Stepped Up", TIN News Update, Tibet Information Network, London, 4 August 1997

Optional Readings:

• Colin Mackerras, China's Minorities: Integration and Modernization in the Twentieth Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, ppÖ. [currently not available in the Columbia library]
• Gray Tuttle, "Modern Tibetan Historiography", in Papers on Chinese History, Spring 1998, Cambridge: Harvard University, pp 85-108 (see reading pack)

January 29 : Foreign Representations of Tibet: colonial, exotic and "fellow traveller" views

• Peter Bishop, "Reading the Potala" in Toni Huber, Sacred Spaces and Powerful Places in Tibetan Culture, Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1999, pp. 367-85
• Don Lopez, Prisoners of Shangri-la, Chicago: University of Chicago, 1998, pp. 1-13
• Toni Huber, "Shangri-la in Exile: Tibetan Identity Representations & Transnational Culture", paper presented at the conference "Mythos Tibet", Bonn, May 1996 (see reading pack) and published in Thierry Dodin and Henz Raether, Imaging Tibet, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2001, pp. 357-372
• Anna Louise Strong, When Serfs Stood Up in Tibet, Beijing: New World Press, 1960, pp 18-31 (see reading pack)

Optional Readings:

• Beatrice D. Miller, "American Popular Perceptions of Tibet from 1858-1938", Tibet Journal, 1988, pp.3-12 (see reading pack)
• Francis Younghusband, India and Tibet, London: John Murray, 1910, pp. vii-viii, 1-3, 251-253, 307-311, 414-421, 434-438Ý (see reading pack) Ý
• L. A. Waddell, Lhasa and its Mysteries, London: John Murray, 1905, pp.1-5, 12-21, 330-343 (see reading pack).
• Robert Ford, Captured in Tibet, London: Pan Books, 1958 or Oxford: Oxford University Press 1990 (also published as Wind between the Worlds, New York: McKay, 1957), pp. 3-19, 46-49, 72-73, 128, 178-181 (see reading pack).
• Hisao Kimura & Scott Berry, A Japanese Agent in Tibet: My Ten Years of Travel in Tibet, Serindia, London, 1990, pp Ö.[currently not available in the Columbia library]
• Stuart and Roma Gelder, Timely Rain ñ Travels in New Tibet, London: Hutchinson, 1964, pp.29-32, 40-43, 50-51 (see reading pack)

January 31 : Presentation on Tibetan Film from Nepal Discussion with Film-maler Kesang Tseten

February 5 : Looking at Tibet as a site of cultural exceptionality ñ classical and exile Tibetan representations of early Tibet

• R. A. Stein, Tibetan Civilization, London: Faber and Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972, chapter 1 (especially pp. 27-44)
• Guiseppe Tucci, The Religions of Tibet, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1980, pp. 163-187, 205-212 [library copy is missing].
• The 14th Dalai Lama, Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama, San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1990, pp. 1-15 (see reading pack)
• Paul Harrison, "In search of the source of the Bka' 'gyur", in Per Kvaerne (ed.), Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 6th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, 1, Oslo: Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1994, pp. 295-317 (see reading pack)

Optional Readings:

• Hugh Richardson & David Snellgrove, A Cultural History of Tibet, Boston: Shambala. 1986 (first edition 1968), pp. 15-28 (see reading pack)
• Janet Gyatso, "Down with the demoness: reflections on a feminine ground in Tibet" in Tibet Journal, XII-4, Winter 1987, pp. 38-53, also published in Janice Willis (ed.), Feminine Ground: Essays on Women and Tibet, Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 1989 (see reading pack)
• Tinley Chodag (ed.), Tibet, The Land and the People, New World Press, Beijing, 1988, pp. 3-21, 281-283 (see reading pack)

February 7 : The recollection of an imperial past: Tibet as an Historical Entity - the Tibetan Empire

• 'Gos lo-tsa-ba gZnu-nu-dpal (George Roerich, translator), The Blue Annals , Delhi: Motilal Barnarsidas, 1976, pp. 35-47Ý (chapter on "the Royal Chronicle").
• Michael Aris, "Foreword" in Dan. Martin (1997), Tibetan Histories , London: Serindia Publications, pp.9-12 (see reading pack)
• Christopher Beckwith, The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, pp.1-43, 69-83 (see reading pack).

Optional Readings:

• Wang Furen and Suo Wenqing, Highlights of Tibetan History, New World Press, Beijing, 1984, pp.14-31 (see reading pack).
• W.D. Shakapba, Tibet: A Political History, New York: Potala, 1984 (first published 1966), pp.23-53 (see reading pack)
• Dan Martin, "Introduction", in Dan Martin (1997), Tibetan Histories, London: Serindia Publications, pp.13-21 (see reading pack)

February 12: The perception of a unified Tibet: the Sakya-Yuan period and the Ganden Phodrang. The construction of Tibet as a nation state and the perception of the Dalai Lamas as unifying source of leadership

• Turrell Wylie: "Reincarnation: a Political Innovation", in Proceedings of the Csoma de Koros Memorial Symposium, ed. Louis Ligeti, Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1978, (see reading pack) [ currently not available in the Columbia library - the library copy is missing]
• David Snellgrove and Hugh Richardson, A Cultural History of Tibet, Boston: Shambhala, 1986 (first ed. c.1968) pp. 177-203 (see reading pack)
• Geoffrey Samuel: Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies, Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993, pp.3-13, 39-63.
• Geoffrey Samuel: "Tibet as a Stateless Society and Some Islamic Parallels", Journal of Asian Studies, XLI No.2, February 1982, pp.215-229.
• Melvyn Goldstein, "The Balance between Centralization and Decentralization in the Traditional Tibetan Political System: An Essay on the Nature of Tibetan Political Macro-Structure", in Central Asiatic Journal, xv (1971), pp. 170-82.

Optional Readings:

• Dung-dkar blo-bzang 'phrin-las (Dungkar Lobsang Thrinley), The Merging of Religious and Secular Rule in Tibet (bod-kyi chos srid zung 'brel-skor bshad-pa), pp.53-82 (see reading pack)
• Melvyn Goldstein, "Religious Conflict in the Traditional Tibetan State" in Lawrence Epstein and Richard F. Sherburne, (eds.), Reflections on Tibetan Culture: Essays in Memory of Turrell V. Wylie,Ý Lewiston, Maine: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1990, pp.231-247 (see reading pack)
• Georges Dreyfus: "Proto-nationalism in Tibet", Per Kvaerne (ed.), Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 6th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Vol.1, Oslo: Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1994, pp. 205-218 (see reading pack)

February 14 : The China Question and Legitimation Discourse: The debate over Tibet's status, and the merging of dynastic distinctions

• Luciano Petech, "Foreword" (pages not numbered), "Introduction" (pp. 1-4) and "Concluding Remarks" (pp.130-142) in Central Tibet and the Mongols: The Yuan-Sa-skya Period of Tibetan History, Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed il Estremo Oriente (IsMEO) 1990 (also pulished as Serie Orientale, Vol. 45) (see reading pack)
• D. Seyfort Ruegg, "ë Mchod yon ', ë yon mchod ' and ë mchod gnas '/ë yon gnas ': On the Historiography and Semantics of a Tibetan Religio-Social and Religio-Political Concept" in Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Geza on His Seventieth Birthday, Vienna, Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, No. 26, 1991, pp. 329-351 (see reading pack) [currently not available in the Columbia library]

Web Readings:

• Nga phod ngag dbang 'jig med [Ngapo Ngawang Jigme], "Apei Awang Jinmei on the Relationship between Tibet and the MotherlandÝ - When did Tibet come within the sovereignty of China?", Bulletin of the History of the Tibet Communist Party, 1988 Vol. 3 (No.21 of the General Series), published in translation in Background Papers on Tibet - September 1992,ÝPart 2, London: Tibet Information Network, 1992 , pp. 81ff.

Optional Readings:

• Jing Wei (ed.), Hundred Questions About Tibet, Beijing: Beijing Review Press, 1989, pp.1-27 (see reading pack)
• Michael van Walt, The Status of Tibet: history, rights, and prospects in international law, Boulder: Westview, 1987, pp.119-141 (see reading pack)
• Dawa Norbu, "An Analysis of Sino-Tibetan Relations, 1245-1911: Imperial Power, Non-coercive Regime and Military Dependency" in Barbara Aziz and Matthew Kapstein (eds.), Soundings in Tibetan Civilization, New Delhi, Manohar, 1985, pp 176-95[currently not available in the Columbia library - the library copy missing]
• Warren Smith, Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, Boulder Colorado: Westview Press, 1996, pp.145-149, 659-667 (see reading pack)

• Owen Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers of China, American Geographical Society. Research Series No. 21. New York: American Geographical Society, 1940, pp 13-25, 206-218, 238-242 (see reading pack).
• Geoffrey Samuel: Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies, Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993, pp.115-154
• Linda Benson, "Contested History: Issues in the Historiography of Inner Asia's Uighurs" in Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, Vol. 2. Toronto: University of Toronto - York University Joint Center for Asia Pacific Studies, 1997, pp. 115-131 (see reading pack)

Optional Readings:

• Morris Rossabi, China and Inner Asia: From 1360 to the Present Day, New York: Pica Press, 1975, pp.pp.13-22, 139-149, 218-237
• Sherry Ortner, High Religion: A Cultural and Political History of Sherpa Buddhism, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1989, pp.26-35, 45-53, 59-71 (see reading pack)
• John King Fairbank, China: A New History, Harvard University Press, 1992, pp.1-3, 23-25, 152-15 (see reading pack).

February 21 : Modern or Traditional? The foreign policy efforts of the 13th Dalai Lama and the nature of the bureaucracy

• Melvyn Goldstein, A History of Modern Tibet: The Demise of the Lamaist State, Berkeley, University of California, 1989, pp. 6-20, 36-37, 41, 44-45, 65-78, 89-98.
• Tsering Shakya, The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp.Ý xxi-xxv, 5-32, 33-51, 61-70, 89-91.
• Tsering Shakya, "Tibet and the League of Nations" in Tibet Journal, X (3), 1985. pp. 48-56 or instead read: Tsering Shakya, "The 1948 Tibetan Trade Mission to the United Kingdom" in Tibet Journal, XV(4), Winter 1990, pp. 97-114 (see reading pack).

Optional Readings:

• Melvyn Goldstein, Tsering Tashi and William Siebenschuh, The Struggle for a Modern Tibet: The Autobiography of Tashi Tsering, Armonk, New York: M . E. Sharpe, 1997, pp.1-41Ý (see reading pack).
• Melvyn Goldstein, "Re-examining Choice, Dependency and Command in the Tibetan Social System: Tax Appendages and Other Landless Serfs", Tibet Journal, 9(4), (1986): 79-112Ý (see reading pack)
• Pierre Bourdieau,Ý "Structures, Habitus, Power: Basis for a Theory of Symbolic Power", in Nicholas Dirks, Geoff Eley, Sherry Ortner (eds.), Culture/Power/History - A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, Princeton University Press, 1993, p.155-166 (see reading pack)
• William Monroe Coleman, Writing Tibetan History:Ý The Discourses of Feudalism and Serfdom in Chinese and Western Historiography - Chapter 3: "The Discourse of Serfdom in Tibet" and Chapter 4 "Conclusion", Master's Thesis, East-West Centre, University of Hawaii, 1998.

February 26 : Tibet Before 1950: Progressives and radicals in Tibet - Dissident voices and their sources of inspiration

• Melvyn Goldstein, A History of Modern Tibet: The Demise of the Lamaist State, Berkeley, University of California, 1989, pp.186-212, 449-463.
• Heather Stoddard, Le Mendiant de l'Amdo, ParisÝ: SociÈtÈ d'Ethnographie, UniversitÈ de Paris X, 1985, pp.69-94 (in French)Ý (see reading pack) or instead read Heather Stoddard , "Tibet: TransitionÝfrom Buddhism to Communism" in Government and Opposition, Volume 21, No.1, Winter 1986, London School of Economics, London, pp. 75-95

Optional Readings:

• Melvyn C. Goldstein, "Lhasa Street Songs: Political and Social Satire in Traditional Tibet" in Tibet Journal , vii, nos. 1-2 (1982), pp.56-66 (see reading pack)
• Hsiao Kimura & Scott Berry, A Japanese Agent in Tibet: My Ten Years of Travel in Tibet, Serindia, London, 1990,Ý or instead read: Scott Berry, Monks, Spies and a Soldier of Fortune, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1995, pp. 309-317 (see reading pack)
• T.N. Takla, "Notes on Some Early Tibetan Communists" in Tibetan Review, Vol. II, No. 17, 1969, pp. 7-10. (see reading pack)
• Wang Fan and Chen Shumei, "The Man Whom Time Forgot", in Renwu, Issue No. 3, 1996, (see reading pack)
• Benson, Linda,Ý "Uygur Politicians of the 1940s: Mehmet Emin Bugra, Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Mesut Sabri" in Central Asian Survey 10 (4), 1991, pp. 87-114 (see reading pack).

February 28 : The United Front and the Uses of Periodisation - Controversies over ways of viewing modern Tibetan history

• Tsering Shakya, The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947,Ý New York: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp.92-118, 122-130, 302-313, 367-408.
• Wang Yao, "Hu Yaobang's Visit to Tibet, May 22-31, 1980" in Robert Barnett (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 285-89 (see reading pack)
• Wang Furen and Suo Wenqing, Highlights of Tibetan History, New World Press, Beijing, 1984, pp.171-179

Web Readings:

• Melvyn Goldstein, Tibet, China and the United States: Reflections on the Tibetan Question, Occasional Paper of the Atlantic Council of the United States, section on "The Initial Period of Chinese Communist Rule"

Optional Readings:

• Israel Epstein, Tibet Transformed, Beijing: New World Press, 1983, pp.7-15, 152-164, 242-257 (see reading pack)
• Melvyn Goldstein, Tsering Tashi and William Siebenschuh, The Struggle for a Modern Tibet: The Autobiography of Tashi Tsering, Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1997, pp.1-41.
• Michel Foucault, "Truth and Power" from Power/Knowledge, in Paul Rabinow (ed.) The Foucault Reader, Pantheon Books, New York, 1984, pp.51-75 (see reading pack)

March 5 : The Panchen Lama: Demon or Saint? Interpretations of the Panchen Lama and the implications of the 1962 Petition

• Tsering Shakya, The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947, New York: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp. 237-275, 287-301, 364-367, reread 372-374 [on the Panchen Lama, the Cultural Revolution]

Web Readings:

• The 10th Panchen Lama (Robert Barnett, ed.), A Poisoned Arrow: the Secret Petition of the 10th Panchen Lama, Tibet Information Network, London, 1998, pp.v-vii, xi-xxii, 96-119 (available at www.tibetinfo.net/pl-contents.htmwww.tibetinfo.net/pl-contents.htm )
• The 10th Panchen Lama,Ý "The Panchen Lama's Last Speech: Full Text" in Reports from Tibet, November 1990 - February 1991 , London: Tibet Information Network, February 1991; see also "Retrospective: Political Statements by the Panchen Lama" in Reports from Tibet, November 1990 - February 1991 , TIN News Update, Tibet Information Network, London, 20 February 1991

Optional Readings:

• Dhondub Choedon, Life in the Red Flag People's Commune, Office of Information of H.H. the Dalai Lama, Dharamsala, 1978, pp. i-viii, 1-34, 56-58, 64-66 (see reading pack)
• John Avedon, In Exile from the Land of Snows - The First Full Account of the Dalai Lama and Tibet Since the Chinese Conquest, New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984, pp. 305-315 (see reading pack)

March 7 : Tibetan Leaders in the Chinese Administration. Viewing history by looking at the elite; critiquing the collaboration-resistance paradigm

• Tsering Shakya, The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947,Ý New York: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp. 130-136, 144-147, 16-170, 327-347
• June Dreyer, 1972. "Traditional Minorities Elites and the CPR Elite Engaged in Minority Nationalities Work" in Robert A. Scalapino (ed.), Elites in the People's Republic of China , Seattle and London: University of Washington, pp. 416-430, 443-450 (see reading pack) Optional Web Readings: Tsering Shakya, "Historical Introduction" in Victoria Conner and Robert Barnett, Leaders in Tibet: A Directory , London: Tibet Information Network, pp. 1-14 Robert Barnett, " The Babas are Dead : Street Talk and Contemporary Views of Leaders in Tibet" in Elliot Sperling (ed.), Proceedings of the International Association of Tibetan Studies , University of Indiana, Bloomington (forthcoming)

Optional Web Readings:

• Tsering Shakya, "Historical Introduction" in Victoria Conner and Robert Barnett, Leaders in Tibet: A Directory, London: Tibet Information Network, pp. 1-14
• Robert Barnett, "The Babas are Dead : Street Talk and Contemporary Views of Leaders in Tibet" in Elliot Sperling (ed.), Proceedings of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, University of Indiana, Bloomington (forthcoming)

March 12 : Internal debates, nationality policy and the question of special characteristics

• Warren W. Smith, "Chinese Nationality Policies and the Socialist Transformation of Tibet" in Barnett, Robert (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 51-75
• Uradyn E. Bulag, "From Inequality to Difference: Colonial Contradictions of Class and Ethnicity in 'Socialist' China" in "Post-colonialism and Its Discontents", special issue of Cultural Studies, 2000, pp.1-9, 13-18, 22-25 in the manuscript version (see reading pack).

Web Readings:

• Liu Wei and He Guanghua, "Looking at Tibet in a New Light" (title also given as "Backwardness is Not Terrifying,Ý What is Terrifying is Rigid and Conservative Thinking"), Renmin Ribao ("People's Daily"), Beijing, 16th May 1994, p.1, published in translation as "Renmin Ribao views Tibet's Economic Development" in The BBC Summary of World Broadcasts,Ý31st May 1994

Optional Readings:

• Tseten Wangchuk Sharlho, "China's Reforms in Tibet: Issues and Dilemmas" in Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 1(1), Fall, 1993, pp.34-43, 55-60.
• The Tibet Youth Association for Theory, "Reflections on the Current State of Theoretical Policy in Tibet",Ý Xizang Ribao ("Tibet Daily", Chinese language edition), 7th August 1989
• Zhang Shirong and Guo Wutian, "On the Regional Characteristics of Party Construction in Tibet", Xizang Ribao ("Tibet Daily", Chinese Language edition) 7th January 1991 published in translation in part asÝ "Communist Party in Tibet: Nearly 20% Illiterate", TIN News Update, 31st August 1991, London: Tibet Information Network, 1991

March 14 : The Frontiersman View and the Battle over History and Culture: Textual Analysis of speeches and poems of Chen Kuiyuan, 1992-2000

• Barnett, Robert and Mickey Spiegel, Cutting Off the Serpent's Head: Policy Changes in Tibet, 1994-95, London & New York: TIN/Human Rights Watch, 1996, pp.20-26, 31-40, 45, 150, 155-157 (see reading pack)

Web reading:

• [Anon.], Wode Xinyuan (Tibetan: Bdag gi re smon, "My Aspirations"), Kandze: Ganzi baoshe yinshuachang (Ganzi [Kandze] Newspaper Office Printing Press), undated (November 1995), (extracts)
• Chen Kuiyuan, "Speech on Literature and Art", delivered 11th July 1997; as published by Xizang Ribao ("Tibet Daily"), Lhasa, 16thÝ July 1997; published in translation as "Tibet party secretary criticizes "erroneous views" of literature, art" in The BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 4th August 1997 (see reading pack)
• Chen Kuiyuan, Lantian baixue ('Blue Sky, White Snow'), Beijing Chubanshe, Beijing, 1999 (selections in translation)

Optional Readings:

• Mao Zedong, "Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art" in Bonnie McDougall, Mao Zedong's "Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art": A Translation of the 1943 Text with Commentary, Ann Arbor 1980, pp. 36-41, 53-67, 82-85 (see reading pack)
• Deng Xiaoping, "Congratulatory Speech at the Fourth National Literary Representatives' Meeting"Ö.
• Geremie R. BarmÈ, In the Red, On Contemporary Chinese Culture, New York: Columbia University Press, 1999, pp, 273-287, 333-344 (see reading pack)
• Robert Barnett , "The Chinese Frontiersman and the Winter Worms - Chen Kuiyuan in the T.A.R., 1992-2000", Paper Presented at the History of Tibet Seminar, St Andrew's University, Scotland, August 2001
• Chen Kuiyuan's "Important Speech" at the 7th November 1997 forum for non-CCP patriotic personalities, entitled "Study the spirit of the 15th National Party Congress, reinforce the patriotic front; and strive for Tibet's stability, reform, and development" from the "Tibet News" programme, Tibet People's Broadcasting Station, Lhasa, 9th November 1997, published in translation in The BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 17th November 1997

March 26 : Strategies of Open Conflict: Armed Resistance, Street Movements and Samizdat Texts. Interpretations of overt protest

• Tsering Shakya, The Dragon in the Land of Snow, pp. 165-170, 176-204, 282-286, 343-347 (sections on the 1959 Uprising, the CIA, and Nyemo Ani)
• Ronald Schwartz, " The Anti-Splittist Campaign and Tibetan Political Consciousness" in Robert Barnett (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press , 1994, pp. 207-237 (see reading pack)

Web Readings:

• Wang Lixiong, "Tibet: PRC's 21st Century Underbelly", in Beijing Zhanlue Yu Guanli, pp. 21-33, Beijing, 2nd January 1999, (republished by Ta Kung Pao, Hong Kong, 30th March 1999 and published in translation by FBIS)

Optional Readings:

• Elliot Sperling, "The Rhetoric of Dissent: Tibetan Pamphleteers" in Robert Barnett ( ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 267-284 (see reading pack)
• William R. Jankowiak, "The Last Hurrah? Political Protest in Inner Mongolia" in Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 19/20, 1988, pp. 269-88 (see reading pack)
• A. Tom Grunfeld, "Tibet And The United States", paper presented at the XVIIIth IPSA World Congress, Quebec City, Quebec, August 1-5, 2000, pp. 5-27

March 28 : Women and Resistance

• Melvyn Goldstein, "Stratification, Polyandry and Family Structures in Central Tibet" in Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 1971,Ý 27(1): 64-74 -Ý pp. 68-72 (see reading pack)
• Hanna Havnevik, "The Role of Nuns in Contemporary Tibet" in Robert Barnett (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 259-266
• Donald Lopez (ed.), Religions of Tibet in Practice, Princeton: Princeton University Press,Ý pp. 499-510, 548-552 (see reading pack)
• Charlene Makley, "The meaning of Liberation. Representations of Tibetan women" in Tibet Journal, XXII-2, Summer 1997, pp. 4-29 (see reading pack)

Optional Readings:

• R. A. Stein, Tibetan Civilization. London: Faber and Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972, pp. 138-141, 156-163 (see reading pack)
• Huber, Toni: "Why Can't Women Climb Pure Crystal Mountain? Remarks on Gender, Ritual and Space at Tsa-ri" in Per Kvaerne (ed.), Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 6th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, 1, Oslo: Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1994, pp. 350-57 (see reading pack)
• Philippa Russell & Sonam Lhamo Singeri, "The Tibetan women's uprising" in Ch–yang, The voice of Tibetan religion and culture, No.5, Dharamsala, 1992, pp. 51-60 [not available in the Columbia libraries]
• Phuntsog Nyidron and others, "Songs from a Tibetan Prison: 14 Nuns Sing to the Outside World" inÝNews from Tibet, October-March 1994, TIN News Review, Tibet Information Network, London, 26 April, 1994, pp. 18-21Ý

April 4 : Chinese Representations of Minority Culture

• Ma Yin, "Introduction" in Ma Yin (ed.), China's Minority Nationalities, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1989 (see reading pack)
• Dru Gladney, "Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities" in Journal of Asian Studies , 53 (1), 1994, pp 92-123 (see reading pack)
• Stevan Harrell, "Civilizing Projects and the Reaction to Them", in Stevan Harrell (ed.), Cultural Encounters on China's Ethnic Frontiers, Seattle: University of Washington, 1995, pp. 3-36 (see reading pack)

Web reading:

• Jin Binggao,Ý "When Does The Word 'Minority Nationality' [shaoshu minzu] [First] Appear in Our Country?", Bulletin of the History of the Tibet Communist Party, 1988 Vol. 1 (No.19 of the General Series), 5th January 1988, pp. 45ff., published in translation in Background Papers on Tibet - September 1992,Ý Part 2 London: Tibet Information Network, 1992 (extracted from Jin Binggao's article in Minzu Tuanjie ("Nationality Solidarity"), Volume 6, 1987)

Optional Readings:

• Almaz Khan, "Who Are the Mongols? State, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Representation in the PRC" in Melissa Brown, (ed.), Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan, Berkeley, CA: East Asian Institute, University of California, 1995, pp. 125-159 (see reading pack)
• Ma Jian, "Show me the colour of your tongue or Fuck All" in Geremie BarmÈ and John Minford (eds.), Seeds of Fire: Chinese Voices of Conscience, New York: Noonday, 1989", Hill and Wang New York 1988, pp. 414-416, 432-452, including editor's introduction (Also translated as "Stick Out the Fur on Your Tongue or It's All a Void" in Herbert Batt (ed.), Tales Of Tibet: Sky Burials, Prayer Wheels, And Wind Horses, Rowman and Littlefield, 2001) (see reading pack)
• Louisa Schein, "Performing Modernity" in Cultural Anthropology, 14 (3), 1997, pp. 361-395 (see reading pack)
• Frank Dik–tter, "Racial Discourse in China: Continuities and Permutations" in Frank Dik–tter (ed.), The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan, University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 1997, pp. 12-18, 25-33 (see reading pack)
• Barry Sautman, "Myths of Descent, Racial Nationalism and Ethnic Minorities in the People's Republic of China", in Frank Dik–tter (ed.), The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan, University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 1997, pp.75-77, 91-95
• Vincanne Adams, "Karaoke as Modern Lhasa, Tibet: Western Encounters with Cultural Politics", in Cultural Anthropology , 11 (4), 1996, pp. 510-546 (see reading pack)
  

April 9 : Religious revival: the question of continuity or revitalisation

• David Germano, "Re-membering the Dismembered Body of Tibet: Contemporary Tibetan Visionary Movements in the People's Republic of China" in Melvyn Goldstein and Matthew Kapstein (eds.), Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet ñ Religious Revival and Cultural Identity, Berkeley: University of California, 1998, pp. 53-95
• Pama Namgyal, "Lamaism in the Tibetan Autonomous Region" in James D. Seymour and Eugen Wehrli, "Religion in China", in Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, Vol.26, No.3, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Spring 1994, pp. 61-72 (see reading pack)
• Andre Gingrich, "Hierarchical Merging and Horizontal Distinction - A Comparative Perspective on Tibetan Mountain Cults" in A.M. Blondeau, E. Steinkellner (eds.), Reflections of the Mountain, Verlag der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, 1996, pp. 233-262 (see reading pack)

Web Reading:

• Anon. "Nang khul gyi dus deb yin bas nyar chags bya rgyud do snang byed dgos" in Bod sjongs 'phrin deb ("Tibet Information Book"), Volume 9, pp. 39ff., partially published in translation as "The Heroes of Ling: Elimination of a Sect" (including postscript by John Hillary) in Background Papers on Tibet - September 1992, Part 2, London: Tibet Information Network, 1992, pp. 30-33

Optional Readings:

• Lawrence Epstein and Peng Weibin, "Ritual, Ethnicity and Generational Identity" in Melvyn Goldstein and Matthew Kapstein (eds.), Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet ñ Religious Revival and Cultural Identity, Berkeley: University of California, 1998, pp. 120-138
• Guiseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls, Roma: Libreria dello Stato. Vol.1, 1949, pp 17-24 (see reading pack)
• Roberte Hamayon, "Reconstuction identitaire autour d'une figure imaginaire chez les Bouriates post-sovietiques?" in J. C. Attias, P. Gisel and L. Kaennel (eds.), Messianismes. Religions et perspectives Nr. 10 , pp. 229-252 (see reading pack)
• Donald McInnis, Religion in China Today: Policy and Practice, Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1989, pp.7-10, 20-22, 32-34, 154-156, 165-172, 367-374, 403-405 (see reading pack)

NOTE: Students must submit a one-page proposal for their final research paper by this session and make an appointment to discuss it with the instructor during this week.

April 11 :Modern Literature and the Dispute over Chinese Tibetan and Tibetan Tibetan

• Heather Stoddard, "Don grub rgyal (1953-1985): Suicide of a Modern Tibetan Writer and Scholar" in Per Kvaerne (ed.), Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 6 th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Oslo: Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture, 1994, pp. 825-34 (see reading pack)
• Heather Stoddard, "Tibetan Publications and National Identity" in Robert Barnett (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 121-157 (see reading pack)

Web Readings:

• Tsering Shakya, "Introductory Essay: The Waterfall and Fragrant Flowers"Ý in Song of the Snow Lion - Special Focus: New Writing from Tibet, Manoa 12.2, 2000Ý (Issue on contemporary Tibetan literature)
• Pema Bhum, (Ronald Schwartz, translator) "The Heartbeat of a New Generation: A Discussion of the New Poetry," in Lungta (special issue on Modern Tibetan Literature), Dharamsala: Amnyemachen, May 1999

Optional Readings:

• Ma Lihua, Glimpses of Northern Tibet, Beijing: Panda Books, 1991, pp. 6-11, 106-111, 242-257, 262-265, 313-313 (see reading pack)
• Anonymous (Adrian Moon, translator), "A Monk's Story," published in translation in Background Papers on Tibet - September 1992, Part 2, London: Tibet Information Network, 1992, p.20-26Ý
• Tashi Dawa (Herbert Batt, translator)Ý "The Glory of the Wind Horse" in Song of the Snow Lion - Special Focus: New Writing from Tibet, Manoa 12.2, 2000
• Yidam Tsering (Herbert Batt, translator) "Two Poems" in Song of the Snow Lion - Special Focus: New Writing from Tibet, Manoa 12.2, 2000
• Dhondup Gyal (Tsering Shakya, translator) "The Waterfall"Ý in Song of the Snow Lion - Special Focus: New Writing from Tibet, Manoa 12.2, 2000
• Tashi Pelden (Yangdon Dhondup, translator) "Tomorrow's Weather Will be Better"Ý in Song of the Snow Lion - Special Focus: New Writing from Tibet, Manoa 12.2, 2000
• Yangtso Kyi (Lauren Hartley, translator), "Journal of the Grassland" in Song of the Snow Lion - Special Focus: New Writing from Tibet, Manoa 12.2, 2000

April 16 : Modern Art: Socialist Realism and the Sweet Teahouse Group

• Clare Harris, "Struggling with Shangri-La: a Tibetan artist in exile" in Frank J. Korom (ed.), Constructing Tibetan culture. Contemporary perspectives, QuÈbec: World Heritage Press, 1997, pp. 160-177 (not available)
• Clare Harris, In the Image of Tibet: Tibetan Painting after 1959, Reaktion Books, 2000, pp.7-15, 150-191
• Per Kvaerne, "The ideological impact on Tibetan art" in Robert Barnett (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 166-185 (see reading pack)

Optional Readings:

• Justin Jon Rudelson, "The Xinjiang Mummies and Foreign Angels: Art, Archaeology and Uyghur Muslim Nationalism in Chinese Central Asia" in Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, Vol. 2. Toronto: University of Toronto - York University Joint Center for Asia Pacific Studies, 1997, pp.168-183 (see reading pack)

April 18 : Tibetan Modernity: images, language and programmingÝ on Tibet TV

Video extracts from Bod ljongs snyen 'phrin khang (Tibet TV, Tibetan language channel)

April 23 : Amdo, Kham questions and the debate over identity

• Tsering Shakya, "Whither the Tsampa Eaters?", in Himal, Kathmandu, Vol. 6, No. 5, 1993, pp. 8-11 (see reading pack)
• Samten Karmay, "Mountain Cults and National Identity" in Robert Barnett (ed.), Resistance and Reform in Tibet, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1994, pp. 112-120
• Matthew Kapstein, "Concluding Remarks", in Melvyn Goldstein and Matthew Kapstein (eds.), Buddhism in Contemporary Tibet ñ Religious Revival and Cultural Identity, Berkeley: University of California, 1998, pp. 139-150
• Janet Upton, "Home on the Grasslands? Tradition, Modernity and the Negotiation of Identity by Tibetan Intellectuals in the PRC" in Melissa Brown (ed.), Negotiating Ethnic Identities in China and Taiwan, Berkely: University of California Press, 1995, pp. 98-124 (see reading pack)

Optional Readings:

• Lauren Hartley, "Opinion-makers in Amdo: Views on the role of traditional Tibetan culture in a developing society", paper presented at the 9th Seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Leiden July 2000Ý (see reading pack)
• Samten Karmay, "The Cult of Mountain Deities and its Political Significance" in A.M. Blondeau, E. Steinkellner (eds.), Reflections of the Mountain, Verlag der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, 1996, pp.59-76 (see reading pack)
• Justin Jon Rudelson, Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China's Silk Road. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997, pp.39-69 (see reading pack)

April 25 : Exile strategies, Human Rights and the Contradictions of Diaspora: Dharamsala, Tibet Support Groups, Amnyemachen, and New York Immigration

• Meg McLagan, "Mystical visions, in Manhattan: Developing Culture in the Year of Tibet", in Korom, Frank (ed.), Tibetan Culture in Diaspora, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Science, 1997, pp.69-89 (see reading pack)

Web Readings:

• Jamyang Norbu, Rangzen Charter - Appeal to My Fellow Tibetans and Freedom-loving People Everywhere, in World Tibet News, 27 April 1999, and Rangzen Charter Supplement issued 24th August 1999Ý
• Melvyn Goldstein, Tibet, China and the United States:Ý Reflections on the Tibetan Question, Occasional Paper of the Atlantic Council of the United States, section on "Post-Mao Tibet"

Optional Readings:

• Michael van Walt, "Speech", 2nd Forum of Tibet Support Groups, Bonn, 1996, in Second International Conference of Tibet Support Groups - A Report, Germany, June 1996, no publication details given
• Margaret Nowak, Tibetan Refugees: Youth and the New Generation of Meaning, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1984, pp. 55-70, 86-97, 107-118, 132-139 (see reading pack)
• Samdong Losang Tenzin Rinpoche, Satyagraha (Truth-Insistence), republished in World Tibet News, August 11, 1995

April 30 : Development and Economy

• Wang Xiaoqiang and Bai Nanfeng (Angela Knox, translator), The Poverty of Plenty, London: Macmillan, 1992, pp.xiii-xix, 6-13, 23-43, 64-67, 83-85, 90-105, 169-189
• Dee Mack Williams,Ý "Grassland Enclosures: Catalyst of Land Degradation in Inner Mongolia" in Human Organization, 55 (3), 1996, pp. 307-312 (see reading pack)
• Ronald Schwartz, "The Reforms Revisited: Grain Procurement in Tibet," in Graham E. Clarke (ed.), Development, Society, and Environment in Tibet, Vienna: Verlag der Oesterreichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1998, pp. 153-165 (see reading pack)
• Dru Gladney, "Getting Rich is Not so Glorious: Contrasting Perspectives on Prosperity among Muslims and Han in China." In Robert W. Hefner, (ed.), Market Cultures: Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalisms, Boulder: Westview Press, 1998, p. 121ff

Optional Readings:

• Daniel J. Miller, "Nomads of the Tibetan Plateau in Western China - Part 3: Pastoral Development and Future Challenges", in Rangelands, 21 (2), April 1999, pp. 17-22 (or instead read: New Perspectives on Range Management &Pastoralism &Their Implications for HKH-Tibetan Plateau Rangelands, Kathmandu, ICIMOD, 1996, pp.7-12) (see reading pack)
• Dee Mack Williams, "The Barbed Walls of China: A Contemporary Grassland Drama" in The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 55 no. 3, 1996, pp. 665-691 (see reading pack)
• Tsundue, K. "Pastoral-nomadism in Tibet: between Tradition and Modernization," in "People and Rangelands Building the Future", Proceedings of the VIth International Rangeland Congress, 1999 (not available in the Columbia Library)
• Becquelin, Nicholas, "New Mediums of Xinjiang's Integration by the Centre since the Emergence of Post-Soviet Central Asia," paper presented at the Association of Asian Studies Meeting, Boston, 1999 (see reading pack)
• Ma Rong, "Han and Tibetan Residential Patterns in Lhasa" in China Quarterly, No 128, December 1991, pp. 814-836 (see reading pack)
• Graham Clarke,Ý "Development, Society and Environment in Tibet," in Graham E. Clarke (ed.), Development, Society, and Environment in Tibet, Vienna: Verlag der Oesterreichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1998,Ý pp. 1-11, 29-47 (see reading pack)
• "Nomads killed in Pasture Fights", TIN News Update, London: Tibet Information Network, 21st June 1999
• Legs mchog, "Report on the Work of the Government [2000]", delivered at the Third Session of the 7th Tibet Regional People's Congress on 22nd May 2000, published in Xizang Ribao ("Tibet Daily", Chinese language edition) on 12th June; published in translation by The BBC Summary of World Broadcasts as "Tibet leader delivers government work report to regional congress"

Film Session:

• A viewing of parts of Khyentse Norbu Rinpoche's film Phurpa, the Cup and/or
• Duan Jinchuan's documentary, No. 16, Barkhor South Street

NOTE: Where possible, students should view these two films in their entirety before the class.