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W4808 Weapons, Strategy, and War Spring 2000--Mr. Schilling Guide to the Required Readings
Required Readings Recommended Readings on the Pre-nuclear Age Recommended Readings on the Nuclear Age Some Other American Wars

The requirements for the course (including the requirements for the research and research project papers and the format of the mid-term and final examinations) are explained in separate memoranda.

My office hours are Wednesday, 6-9pm, in 1329 International Affairs. My telephone is 854-3637, and my e-mail address is wrs1@columbia.edu.

Almost all you will need or ever want to know about abstracts, bibliographies, documents, indices, journals, museums, official histories, and special studies can be found in Jessup and Coakley, A Guide to the Study and Use of Military History (1979), and Arkin, Research Guide to Current Military and Strategic Affairs (1981).

The publications of the International Institute for Strategic Studies are particularly useful for current international security policy, most notably Survival, its quarterly journal, and its two annual publications, Strategic Survey (which describes the year's developments in security policy), and The Military Balance (which enumerates the armed forces of 170 countries). The leading academic journal is International Security.

The web site for the Federation of American Scientists (http://www.fas.org) is an excellent source of information about nuclear weapons. On the web site of the Department of Defense (http://www.defenselink.mil/factfile/), you will find a picture and specifications for every weapon (including ships and aircraft) currently deployed by the United States.

I. Required Readings

Schilling, "Technology and International Relations," International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (1968), vol. 15, pp. 589-598. Brodie, "Strategy as a Science," World Politics (July 1949). Howard, War in European History (1976). Earle, Makers of Modern Strategy (1943), chs. 1, 3, 5, 8, 17. Ropp, War in the Modern World (1962), chs. 6-10. Keegan, The Face of Battle (1976), chs. 2-5. Brodie and Brodie, From Crossbow to H-Bomb (1973). Lautenschläger, "Technology and the Evolution of Naval Warfare," International Security (Fall 1983). Holley, Ideas and Weapons (1953), Part I. Katzenbach, "The Horse Cavalry in the Twentieth Century: A Study on Policy Response," in Friedrich and Harris (eds.), Public Policy (1958). Howard, "Men Against Fire: Expectations of War in 1914," International Security (Summer 1984). Weinberg, A World At Arms: A Global History of World War II (1994), pp. 536-574. Van Creveld, Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein To Patton (1977), ch. 5. Hastings, OVERLORD (1984), ch. 6, pp. 230-243, ch. 9. Greenfield, American Strategy in World War II: A Reconsideration (1963), ch. 4. Brodie, Strategy in the Missile Age (1959), chs. 2-4. Rowen, "The Evolution of Strategic Nuclear Doctrine," in Martin (ed.) Strategic Thought in the Nuclear Age (1979). Rosenberg, "U.S. Nuclear War Planning, 1945-1960," in Ball and Richelson (eds.), Strategic Nuclear Targeting (1986). Ball, "The Development of the SIOP, 1960-1983," ibid. Schilling, "U.S. Strategic Nuclear Concepts in the 1970s: The Search for Sufficiently Equivalent Countervailing Parity," International Security (Fall 1981) Schwartz (ed.), Atomic Audit (1998), pp. 197-225, 261- 68. Howard, "The Forgotten Dimensions of Strategy," Foreign Affairs (Summer 1979). Quester, "The Future of Nuclear Deterrence," Survival (Spring 1992) Iklé, "The Second Coming of the Nuclear Age," Foreign Affairs (January/February 1996) Freedman, The Revolution in Strategic Affairs, Adelphi Paper 318 (1998), chs. 1-2 and conclusion.

II. Recommended Readings on the Pre-nuclear Age

A. Perspectives on History
	Ferrill, The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great (1985). McNeill, The Pursuit of Power (1982). Keegan, A History of Warfare (1993). Montross, War Through the Ages (rev. ed., 1946). Jones, The Art Of War In The Western World (1987). Nef, War and Human Progress (1952). Liddell Hart, The Revolution in Warfare (1947) PLUS Fuller, Armament and History (1945). Van Creveld, Technology and War: From 2000 B.C. to the Present (1989). Parker, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500-1800 (2nd. ed., 1996) Lynn (ed.), Tools of War: Instruments, Ideas, and Institutions of Warfare, 1445-1871 (1990). Van Creveld, Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein To Patton (1977). Lynn (ed.), Feeding Mars: Logistics in Western Warfare from the Middle Ages to the Present (1993). Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (1987). Van Creveld, Command in War (1985). Keegan, The Mask of Command (1987). Clausewitz (Howard and Paret, eds.), On War (1976). Paret (ed.), Makers of Modern Strategy (1986). Murray, Knox, and Bernstein, The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States, and War (1994). Liddell Hart, Strategy (1954). Howard, Studies in War and Peace (1970), PLUS War and the Liberal Conscience (1978). Howard (ed.), Restraints on War: Studies in the Limitation of Armed Conflict (1979), PLUS Howard, Andreopoulos, and Shulman (eds.), The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World (1994).

B. World War I
	Kennedy (ed.), War Plans of the Great Powers, 1880-1914 (1979). Tuchman, The Guns of August (1962). Liddell Hart, The Real War (1930). Keegan, The First World War (1999). Wolff, In Flanders Field (1958). Horne, The Price of Glory (1962). Middlebrook, The First Day on the Somme (1972). Middlebrook, The Kaiser's Battle (1978). Moorehead, Gallipoli (1956). Fredette, The Sky on Fire (1966). DeWeerd, President Wilson Fights His War (1968). Coffman, The War To End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I (1986). Stone, The Eastern Front 1914-1917 (1975).

C. World War II
	Greenfield (ed.), Command Decisions (1960). Greenfield, American Strategy in World War II: A Reconsideration (1963) PLUS Morison, Strategy and Compromise (1958). Morison, The Two Ocean War (1963). Murray, The Change in the European Balance of Power, 1938-1939 (1984). Doughty, The Seeds of Disaster: The Development of French Army Doctrine 1919-1939 (1985). Horne, To Lose a Battle: France 1940 (1969). Hinsley, Hitler's Strategy (1951). Cooper, The German Army 1933-1945 (1978). Taylor, The March of Conquest (1958). Taylor, The Breaking Wave (1967). Ziemke and Bauer, Moscow to Stalingrad (1988). Ziemke, Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East (1968). Seaton, The Russo-German War 1941-1945 (1970). Overy, The Air War 1939-1945 (1991). Hastings, Bomber Command (1979). Middlebrook, The Nuremberg Raid (1974). Wilmot, The Struggle for Europe (1952). Hastings, Overlord (1984). Ellis, Casino: The Hollow Victory (1984). D'Este, Fatal Decision: Anzio and the Battle for Rome (1991). Willmott, Empire in Balance: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies to April 1942 (1982). Willmott, The Barrier and the Javelin:Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies February to June 1942 (1983). Spector, Eagle Against The Sun (1985). Knorr, Military Power and Potential (1970). Milward, War, Economy, and Society, 1939-45 (1979). Weinberg, A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II (1994) [counts for two books].

D. Studies in the Development of Weapons and Strategy
	Brodie, Sea Power in the Machine Age (1941). Sprout, The Rise of American Naval Power (1942). Braisted, The United States Navy in the Pacific, 1909- 1922 (1971). Marder, From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Road to War, 1904-1914 (1961). Jameson, The Most Formidable Thing (1965). Terraine, The U-Boat Wars (1989). Padfield, War Beneath the Sea: Submarine Conflict During World War II (1995). Steinberg, Yesterday's Deterrent: Tirpitz and The Birth of The German Battle Fleet (1965). Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery (rev. ed., 1983). Isely and Crowl, The U.S. Marines and Amphibious War: Its Theory, and Its Practice in the Pacific (1951). Luvaas, The Military Legacy of the Civil War: The European Inheritance (rev. ed., 1988). Ritter, The Schlieffen Plan (1958). Snyder, The Ideology of the Offensive: Military Decision Making and the Disaster of 1914 (1984). Posen, The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany Between the World Wars (1984). Rosen, Winning the Next War: Innovation and the Modern Military (1991). Murray and Millett (eds.), Military Innovation in the Interwar Period (1996). May (ed.), Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before The Two World Wars (1984). Handel (ed.), Intelligence in Military Operations (1990). Cohen and Gooch (eds.), Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War (1990). Quester, Deterrence Before Hiroshima (1966). Bialer, The Shadow of the Bomber: The Fear of Air Attack and British Politics, 1932-1939 (1980). Terraine, A Time for Courage: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939-45 (1985). Air Ministry, The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force (1948; reprint ed., 1983). Murray, Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933-1945 (1983). Schaffer, Wings of Judgment: American Bombing in World War II (1985). Sherry, The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (1987). Jones, The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939-45 (1978). Price, Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare (rev. ed., 1977). Haber, The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War (1986). Brown, Chemical Warfare: A Study in Restraints (1968). Krause and Mallory, Chemical Weapons in Soviet Military Doctrine (1992). Buderi, The Invention That Changed The World (1996). Smith, The Air Force Plans for Peace, 1943-1945 (1970). Headrick, The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century (1981). Headrick, The Invisible Weapon: Telecommunications and International Politics, 1851-1945 (1991). Millett and Murray (eds.), Military Effectiveness, Volume I: The First World War; OR Volume II: The Interwar Period; OR Volume III: The Second World War (1988).

E. The Soldiers' Lot
	Ellis, The Sharp End (1980). Holmes, Acts of War: The Behavior of Men in Battle (1986). Linderman, Embattled Courage: The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War (1987). Linderman, The World Within War: America's Combat Experience in World War II (1997). Kellett, Combat Motivation (1982).

III. Recommended Readings on the Nuclear Age

A. An Introduction to the Nuclear Age
	Art and Waltz, The Use of Force: International Politics and Foreign Policy (1971). Kahan, Security in the Nuclear Age (1975). Martin, Strategic Thought in the Nuclear Age (1980). O'Neill, New Directions in Strategic Thinking (1981). Art and Waltz, The Use of Force: International Politics and Foreign Policy (2nd. ed., 1983). Bundy, Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years (1988).

B. Early Tales of the Atomic Age
	Brodie (ed.), The Absolute Weapon (1946). Kaufmann (ed.), Military Policy and National Security (1956). Brodie, Strategy in the Missile Age (1959). Knorr (ed.), NATO and American Security (1959). Kahn, On Thermonuclear War (1960). Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict (1960). Snyder, Deterrence and Defense (1961). Schelling, Arms and Influence (1966).

C. The Development of Soviet Nuclear Strategy
	Garthoff, Soviet Strategy in the Nuclear Age (1958). Wolfe, Soviet Strategy at the Crossroads (1964). Garthoff, Soviet Military Policy (1966). Wolfe, Soviet Power and Europe: 1945-1970 (1970). Leebaert (ed.), Soviet Military Thinking (1981). Holloway, The Soviet Union and the Arms Race (2nd ed., 1984). Garthoff, Deterrence and the Revolution in Soviet Military Doctrine (1990). Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956 (1994).

D. Studies in the Development of Weapons and Strategy
	Hewlett and Anderson, The New World: 1939-1946 (1962). Hewlett and Duncan, Atomic Shield, 1947-1952 (1972). Huntington, The Common Defense (1961). Schilling, Hammond, and Snyder, Strategy, Politics, and Defense Budgets (1962). Williamson and Rearden, The Origins of U.S. Nuclear Strategy, 1945-1953 (1993). Armacost, The Politics of Weapons Innovation: The Thor- Jupiter Controversy (1969). Barlow, Revolt of the Admirals: The Fight for Naval Aviation, 1945-1950 (1994). Sapolsky, The Polaris System Development (1972). Brown, Flying Blind: The Politics of the U.S. Strategic Bomber Program (1992). Greenwood, Making the MIRV: A Study in Defence Decision- Making (1975). Beard, Developing the ICBM (1976). Yanarella, The Missile Defense Controversy: Strategy, Technology, and Politics (1977). Ball, Politics and Force Levels: The Strategic Missile Program of the Kennedy Administration (1980). Ball and Richelson (eds.), Strategic Nuclear Targeting (1986). Betts, Nuclear Blackmail and Nuclear Balance (1987). Nolan, Guardians of the Arsenal: The Politics of Nuclear Strategy (1989). Schwartz (ed.), Atomic Audit (1998).

E. Recent Issues in Strategy and Weapons Development
	Office of Technology Assessment, MX Missile Basing (1981). Carter and Schwartz, Ballistic Missile Defense (1984). Blair, Strategic Command and Control (1985). Carter, Steinbrunner, and Zarket, Managing Nuclear Operations (1987). Sagan, Moving Targets: Nuclear Strategy and National Security (1989). Sagan, The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents, and Nuclear Weapons (1993). Blair, The Logic of Accidental Nuclear War (1993). Blackwill and Carnesale (eds.), New Nuclear Nations:Consequences for U.S. Policy (1993). Lederberg (ed.), Biological Weapons: Limiting the Threat (1999).

IV. Some Other American Wars

	Millett and Maslowski, For The Common Defense: A Military History of the United States of America (1984). McPherson, Battlecry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (1988). Trask, The War With Spain In 1898 (1981). Gates, Schoolbooks and Krags: The United States Army in the Philippines, 1898-1902 (1973). Rees, Korea: The Limited War (1964). Krepinevich, The Army and Vietnam (1986), AND Summers, On Strategy: The Vietnam War in Context (1981). Gordon and Trainor, The Generals' War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf (1995).