Cardiac Mechanics Simulator Tutorial

Exercise Set 1

Introduction
Pressure-Volume Loop Basics
Identify Events on the P-V Loop
Examine P-V Variables Under Normal Conditions
Examine the Effect of Varying Preload
Varying the Contractility of the Ventricle
Varying the Afterload
Examine the Effect of Varying the Heart Rate
Valve Pathologies
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral Stenosis
Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic Stenosis
The Frank-Starling Law
The Full Cardiovascular Model
Resources

II. Valve Pathologies

B. Mitral Stenosis

With mitral stenosis, the valve leaflets fail to open fully during ventricular diastole and hence cause an obstruction to ventricular filling. Instead of blood passing unimpeded from the LA to the LV, a significant pressure gradient is required to overcome this abnormal resistance to filling.

Vary the severity of mitral stenosis and make the following observations:

  1. How does mitral stenosis affect the shape of the P-V diagram?
  2. How does mitral stenosis affect cardiac output and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure?
  3. What is the impact of increasing heart rate on cardiac output?

Filling Pressure Threshold for Elastance/MAP effect is off. Was set to 50.0

 

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